The USSR Olympiad Problem Book
#117. (a) Prove that the only solution in integers of the equation
\[x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 2xyz\]
is \(x = y = z = 0\).
(b) Find the integers \(x, y, z, v\) such that
\[x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + v^2 = 2xyzv.\]
Hint. Consider the parity of the variables.